英语词根整理

写在前面

• 英语词汇中有一种普遍现象：一个基本的词义有两种表示，如see与vis都表示看，但其中一种经常独立使用（see），而另一种不单独使用而是作为词根也很普遍的使用（vis）。后面这类（vis）可以派生出约80%的英语单词，但很容易被我们忽视
• 英语单词的一般构成：若干前缀+词根+若干后缀，中间可能有起连接作用的连接字母，词缀的数量一般为0~2，词根数量一般为1~2（一般就一个词根）,连接字母经常是-i-
• 英语单词的词义不见得能够由词根和词缀的意思简单连起来得到，但一般多少是有关联的
• 词根数量不多，但对于记单词有很大的帮助
• 本文基本上是对蒋争的《英语词汇的奥秘》的整理

A

• ag = do, act 做，动
  • agent
    • agential, subagent, coagent, agency, coagency
  • agile
    • agility, agitate, agitation
  • agitate
    • agitation, agitator, agitatress, agitated, agitating
  • counteragent
• agri/agro/agr = field 田地，农田
  • agriculture
    • agricultural, agriculturist, agricorporation
  • agrimotor
  • agronomy
    • agronomic, agronomist
  • agrology
  • agrobiology
  • agrotechnique
  • agro-town
  • agro-industry
  • agrarian
  • agrestic
• ann/enn = year 年
  • anniversary
  • annual
  • annals
    • annalist
  • annuity
    • annuitant
  • superannuate
    • superannuation
  • perennial
    • perenniality, semiannual

• audi/audit = hear 听

  • audience
  • auditorium
  • audible
    • audibility, inaudible
  • audit
    • auditor, auditory
  • audiphone
  • audition
    • audiometer, audiometry, audiology
  • audio
    • audio-visual, audiovisuals

• 涉及前后缀、词根

  • co- sub- counter- super- per- semi- -in
  • -ial -ent -ency -a -ile -ility -ate -ion -or -ress -ed -ing -ure -ist -logy -ary -ual -al -ity -ant -ation -ence -orium -ible -ibility -ory -metry -logy
  • motor nomy town technique biology industry vers meter visual

B

• bell = war 战争
  • rebel
    • rebellion, rebellious
  • bellicose
    • bellicosity
    • bellicism
  • belligerent
    • belligerency

• brev = short 短

  • abbreviate
    • abbreviation, abbreviator
  • brevity
    • breviary
  • brief
    • briefness
  • breve

• 涉及前后缀、词根

  • re- ab-
  • -ion ious -icose -ity -ism -ent -ency -ate -ation -ator -ary -ness

C

• ced/ceed/cess = go 行走

  • precedent
    • precedented, unprecedented
  • precede
    • preceding
  • exceed
    • excess, excessive
  • proceed
    • procedure, process, procession
  • antecedent
    • antecessor, antecede
  • successor
    • succession, successive
  • success
    • succeed
  • recession
    • recede
  • retrocede
    • retrocession
  • intercede
    • intercession, intercessor

• cept = take 拿，取

  • except
    • exception, exceptional, exceptive
  • accept
    • acceptance, acceptable
  • intercept
    • interception, intercepter
  • incept

• cid/cis = cut/kill 切，杀

  • decide
    • decideble, undecided, decision, indecision, decisive, indecisive
  • concise
  • precise
    • precision
  • incise
    • incision, incisive, incisor
  • excide
    • excision, excise
  • circumcise
  • suicide
    • homicide, patricide
  • insecticide
    • parasiticide, bactericide

• circ = ring 环，圆

  • circus
    • circle, encircle, semicircle, circular, circularity
  • circulate
    • circulation, circulative, circulatory
  • circlet
  • circuit
    • circuitous, circuity

• claim/clam=cry/shout 喊叫

  • exclaim
    • exclamation, exclamatory
  • proclaim
    • proclamation, proclamatory
  • acclaim
    • acclamation, acclamatory
  • clamour
    • clamorous, clamant
  • declaim, declamation, declamatory

• clar = clear 清楚，明白

  • declare
    • declarer, declaration, declarative
  • clarify
    • clarification, clarity

• clud/clus = close/shut 关闭

  • exclude
    • exlusive, exclusion, exclusionism
  • include
    • inclusion, inclusive
  • conclude
    • conclusion, conclusive
  • seclude
    • seclusion, seclusive, secluded
  • recluse
    • reclusive
  • occlude
    • occlusion, occlusive
  • preclude
    • preclusion, preclusive

• cogn = know 知道

  • cognition
    • congnitive
  • cognize
    • cognizable, incognizable, cognizance, cognizant, incognizent
  • recognize
    • recognizable, irrecognizable, recognition, precognition

• cord = heart 心

  • cordial
    • cordially, cordiality
  • record
    • recorder, recordable, recordation, recording, recordist
  • concord
    • concordance, concordant
  • discord
    • discordance, discordant
  • accord
    • accordance, accordant
  • cordate
  • core

• corpor/corp = body 体

  • corporation
    • corporator, corporate
  • incoporate
    • incorporation, incorporator
  • agricorporation
  • corporal
    • corporeal, incorporeal, corporealize, corporeality
  • corps
  • corpse
  • corpulent

• cred = believe/trust 相信，信任

  • credible
    • credibility, incredible, incredibility
  • credulous
    • incredulous
  • credit
    • creditable, discredit, accredit
  • credence
    • credential
  • creed

• cruc = cross 十字

  • crucial
  • crusade
    • crusader
  • cruise
    • cruiser, cruisette
  • crucifix
    • crucifixion, crucify, crucifier
  • cruciform
  • excruciate
    • excruciation

• cur = care 关心，挂念，注意

  • security
    • secure, insecure, insecurity
  • curious
    • curiosity, curio, incurious, incuriosity
  • cure
    • curable, incurable, curative

• cur/curs/cour/cours = run 跑

  • occur
    • occurrence, occurrent
  • current
    • undercurrent, currency
  • excurse
    • excursion, excursionist, excursive, excursus
  • course
  • intercourse
  • concourse
  • courser
  • courier
  • succour
  • cursory
    • cursorial, cursive
  • incursion
    • incursive
  • precursory
    • antecursor
  • concur
    • concurrence, concurrent
  • recur
    • recurrence
  • transcurrent
  • corridor
  • curriculum

• 涉及前后缀、词根

  • pre- un- ex- pro- ante- suc- re- retro- inter- ac- in- de- un- con- circum- en- semi- de- se- oc-=against pre- ir- dis- ac-=to oc-=to trans-
  • -ent -ed -ing -ive -ure -ion -or -al -ance -able -er -us -le -ar -ity -ory -et -it -ous -y -ation -atory -our -ant -er -ative -fy -fication -ism -ition -itive -ize -ial -ly -ist -ate -ator -eal -ulent=-lent -ible -ibility -ulous -ence -ential=-ent+-ial -ade -ette -form -ious -osity -ency -ier -ory
  • sui homi patri insect parasit bacteri agri

D

• dent = tooth 牙齿

  • dentist
    • dentistry
  • dental
    • interdental
  • denture
  • dentiform
  • dentate
    • edentate
  • dentoid
  • bident
    • trident
  • indent
  • multidentate
  • denticle

• di = day 日

  • diary
    • diarist, diarize, aiarial
  • dial
  • meridian
    • antemeridian, postmeridian

• dict/dic = say 言，说

  • contradict
    • contradiction, contradictory
  • dictate
    • dictation
  • dictator
    • dictatorial, dictatorship
  • predict
    • prediction, predictable
  • malediction
    • maledictory
  • benediction
    • benedictory
  • indicate
    • indication, indicator, indicative
  • dictionary
    • diction, dictum, edict, dictaphone
  • indict
    • indictment, indictor, indictee
  • interdict
    • interdiction, interdictory
  • verdict

• dit = give 给

  • tradition
    • traditional, traditionalism
  • edit
    • editor, editorial, editorship, subeditor, edition
  • extradite
    • extradition, extraditable

• don/do = give 给

  • pardon
    • pardoner, pardonable
  • donor
    • donee
  • condone
    • condonation
  • donate
    • donator, donative
  • dose
  • dot
    • dotal
  • anecdote
    • anecdotist, anecdotical

• du = two 二

  • dual
    • dualism, dualist, dualistic, duality, dualize
  • duplicate
    • duplication
  • duplicity
  • duplex
  • duel
    • duelist
  • duet
    • duettist

• duc/duct = lead 引导

  • educate
    • education, education, educable
  • introduce
    • introduction, introductory
  • conduct
    • conductor, semiconductor, misconduct
  • produce
    • product, production, productive, reproduce
  • abduct
    • abduction, abductor
  • seduce
    • seducer, seduction
  • aqueduct
  • viaduct
  • ventiduct
  • reduce
    • reduction, reductor
  • induce
    • inducer, inducement
  • educe
    • educible

• 涉及前后缀、词根

  • bi- tri- in- multi- inter- e- meri- ante- post- contra- pre- male- bene- in-=at/on/upon/against inter- ver-=very tra-=trans- sub- ex- par-=per- con- an- ec- e- intro- semi- mis- pro- re- ab- se-

  • -ist -ry -al -ure -form -ate -oid -icle -ary -ize -ial -an -ion -ory -or -ship -able -ive -um -ment -ee -ism -er -ation -ical -istic -ity -icity -ible

  • plex=fold aque via venti

E

• ed = eat 吃

  • edible
    • edibility, inedible, inedibility
  • edacious
  • edacity

• equ = equal 等于，平均

  • equal
    • equality, equalitarian, equalitarianism, equalize
  • adequate
    • adequacy, inadequate, inadequacy
  • equable
    • equability
  • equivalent
    • equivalence
  • equate
    • equation, equator, equatorial
  • equivocal
    • equivocate
  • equiangular
    • equilateral, equidistance
  • equity
  • equanimity

• ev = age 年龄，时代

  • longevity
    • longevous
  • medieval
    • medievalism, medievalist
  • primeval
  • coeval
    • coevality

• 涉及前后缀、词根

  • in- ab-=to prim- co-

  • -ible -ibility -acious -acity -al -ity -arian -ism -ate -acy -able -ability -ent -ation -ator -ial -ous -ist

  • va=value voc later anim long

F

• fact/fac = do/make 做

  • factory
  • manufacture
    • manufacturer, manufactory
  • benefactor
    • benefaction
  • malefactor
    • malefaction
  • factitious
  • facsimile
  • facile
    • facility, facilitate
  • fact
    • factual
  • facture

• fer = bring/carry 拿，带

  • confer
    • conference
  • differ
    • difference, diffrent, diffrential, differentiate, differentiation
  • offer
    • offering
  • prefer
    • preferable, preference, preferential
  • transfer
    • transference
  • floriferous
  • aquiferous
  • cruciferous

• flor/flour = flower 花

  • florist
  • floral
  • florid
    • floridity
  • floriculture
    • floriculturist
  • defloration
  • uniflorous
    • multiflorous
  • noctiflorous
  • floret
  • floriferous
  • effloresce
    • efflorescence
  • flourish
    • flourishing, reflourish

• flu = flow流

  • fluent
    • fluency
  • influence
    • influential, uninfluential
  • influenza
  • confluent
    • confluence
  • fluid
    • fluidity
  • refluence
  • defluent
    • circumfluent, effluent, interfluent
  • superfluous
    • superfluity
  • superfluid
  • flux
    • fluxion, fluxional, afflux, reflux, influx

• fus = pour 倾倒，灌入，注入

  • refuse
    • refusal
  • confuse
    • confusion
  • transfuse
    • transfusion
  • infuse
    • infuser, infusion
  • diffuse
    • diffusion
  • interfuse
    • interfusion
  • affusion
  • perfuse
  • profuse
    • profusion

• 涉及前后缀、词根

  • manu- bene- male- con- dif- of- pre- trans- de- multi- ef- re- in- un- de- circum- ef- super- inter- af-=to per- pro-

  • -ory -er -or -ion -itious -ile -ity -ate -ual -ure -ence -ent -ial -ation -ing -able -ous -ist -al -id -et -esce -escence -ish -ency

  • simil flor aqu cruc culture uni nocti

G

• grad/grade = step/go 走，步，级